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Schizophrenia, Syndrome X, and Omega-3 Fatty Acids :: psychiatry online

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Schizophrenia, Syndrome X,
and Omega-3 Fatty Acids
TO THE EDITOR: In an interesting study, Martina C.M. Ryan,
M.B., M.R.C.Psych., et al. (1) found an increased prevalence of
impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in patients
with drug-naive, first-episode schizophrenia in relation to
healthy comparison subjects. This finding is in line with the
results of a recent review showing that features of the metabolic
syndrome X are more common in subjects with schizophrenia
than in the general population (2). Dr. Ryan and colleagues
discussed the influence of diet (1), but we believe that
they omitted the possible role of polyunsaturated fatty acids
of the omega-3 and omega-6 series, in particular, eicosapentaenoic
acid and arachidonic acid. Substantial evidence suggests
that impaired polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism is
related to both schizophrenia and the metabolic syndrome X.
In recent reviews, low consumption of omega-3 polyunsaturated
fatty acid was concluded to be associated with hypertriglyceridemia,
cardiovascular disease, and probably also to
insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (3–5). Of interest, lowered
omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid levels have also
been reported in the erythrocytes of drug-naive psychotic patients
(6) and in medicated young schizophrenic patients in
comparison with normal comparison subjects (7). Furthermore,
placebo-controlled trials have found eicosapentaenoic
acid to be effective in schizophrenia, depression, and borderline
personality disorder (8–10).
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