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d-beta-hydroxybutyrate inhibits the apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by 6-OHDA in relation to up-regulating the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax mRNA. Entrez PubMed

d-beta-hydroxybutyrate inhibits the apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by 6-OHDA in relation to up-regulating the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax mRNA.
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Entrez PubMed


d-beta-hydroxybutyrate (DbetaHB) is a predominant member of ketone bodies produced by hepatocytes and, to a lesser extent, by astrocytes. It is an alternative source of energy in the brain when glucose supply is depleted such as during starvation. It has been reported that ketone bodies could protect dopaminergic culture. However, the biological function of DbetaHB in Parkinson disease (PD) is still unclear. In the present work, we investigated the role of DbetaHB in protecting rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells from apoptosis induced by 6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). DbetaHB rescued PC12 cells from apoptotic death induced by 6-OHDA by MTT assay, acridine orange (AO) staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining and the activity of caspase-3.

Yeah, this is the kind of stuff I read all the time! Seriously, I find this interesting because here a ketone body is tied to dopamine production and prevention of brain cell death. When your body is low on glucose (starvation or low carb diet), it turns protein from the food you eat (or muscle if you're not eating protein) into glucose for the brain using fat as a fuel source for this process, called gluconeogenesis. Ketone bodies are produced as well, and act as a super fuel for the brain and the body. So there's a tie here between dopamine and ketosis. I guess I keep looking for a link between low carb, diabetes, insulin, dopamine, add, alcholism, etc. I think that many of these systems in the body are redundant and indirect. And all of this is tough for a layman to piece together. But I really think there are ties.

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