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Enzymes And Exercise Curb Muscle Insulin Resistance

Enzymes And Exercise Curb Muscle Insulin Resistance

An oversupply of fatty acids plays a key role in the development of insulin resistance in the skeletal muscle of obese individuals. Two related studies appearing online in advance of publication in the June print issue of the Journal of Clinical Investigation show that exercise and expression of the enzyme diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) have important effects on the development of insulin resistance.

In the first of these two studies, Simon Schenk and Jeffrey Horowitz from the University of Michigan have shown that a single session of endurance exercise on a treadmill was sufficient to prevent insulin resistance in healthy, non-obese women. The authors showed that exercise triggered a corresponding increase in triglyceride synthesis within skeletal muscle as well as a parallel increase in the expression of the enzymes DGAT1 and mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (mGPAT). By directing more fatty acids towards triglyceride synthesis within muscle, toxic fatty acid metabolite accumulation was reduced, which protected against fatty acid-induced insulin resistance. The study suggests that regularly performed endurance exercise may help improve insulin resistance in people with excess levels of available fatty acid, such as those with obesity.
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